Evaluation of periopathogenic bacteria of peri-implantitis using real-time PCR in Koreans: pilot study

PURPOSE: We performed quantitative and qualitative analysis of typical periodontal bacteria using real time PCR method to investigate the microbiological difference according to the severity of peri-implant disease in Koreans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total of 60 implants were divided into three groups (healthy group, peri-implant mucositis group, peri-implantitis group) through periapical radiographs and clinical indices. The evaluated clinical parameters were pocket depth, plaque index, suppuration and bleeding on probing. Using a sterilized curette instrument, microbial samples were collected from the subgingival plaque and real-time PCR was performed on five periodontal bacteria. The relative expression levels of microorganisms were compared by comparative delta-CT method. RESULTS: The relative expression levels of E. corrodens and T. denticola were significantly higher in the peri-implantitis group (P < 0.017). On the other hand, the relative expression level of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis was relatively high in the healthy implant group regardless of the severity of disease. P. intermedia was significantly lower in the healthy implant group (P < 0.017). CONCLUSION: Periodontal bacteria were detected in Koreans with peri-implant diseases, but there was no microbiological distribution similar to periodontitis.

Clinical effects of additional use of erythritol powder air polishing device on non-surgical periodontal treatment in moderate chronic periodontitis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of erythritol powder air polishing device (EPAP) in addition to scaling and root planing (SRP) in non-surgical periodontal treatment in moderate chronic periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical evaluation was performed at 21 sites treated with SRP (control) and 21 sites treated with the addition of SRP+EPAP (test). All examinations were performed before treatment, 1 month after treatment, and 3 months after treatment. Depth of the periodontal pocket, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and bleeding of probing were measured as clinical parameters. RESULTS: In both test and control groups, there was a significant decrease in the depth of the periodontal pocket, plaque index, bleeding of probing, increased gingival recession, and gain of clinical attachment level at 1 month and 3 months after treatment. However, there was no significant clinical difference between the test group and the control group. Clinical result was improved after 1 month compared to the baseline; in contrast, results at 3 months after treatment were worse than at 1 month after treatment. CONCLUSION: In this study, we cannot suggest that SRP + EPAP is clinically more effective than SRP alone as non-surgical periodontal treatments. Periodic periodontal therapy, at intervals of at least every three months, is important for sustaining effects of this treatment.

Nitric oxide-induced immune switching in experimental inflammatory autoimmune diseases

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) production has been described as a double-edged sword eliciting both pro-and anti-inflammatory effect s in different immune reactions. This work was undertaken to investigate the immunoregulatory role of NO in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and experimental allergic uveitis (EAU). MEHHOD: We examined whether molsidomine (MSDM), a NO donor, administration to the myelin basic protein (MBP)-or interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP)-immunized rat s could suppress EAE development by shifting toward the Th2 cytokine response. In the EAE experiment s, the rat s were treated orally with MSDM (10 mg/kg/day) at the early stage (-1-4 days) or throughout the experimental period (-1-15 days). RESULTS: This resulted in significant amelioration of the disease and mild clinical symptoms, while MBP-immunization without MSDM administration showed severe EAE development . A marked reduction in inflammation was also observed in the spinal cord, indicating the crucial role of NO in the pathogenesis of EAE in in vivo. In the EAU experiments, a 24 h pre-treatment with MSDM prior to IRBP immunization resulted in significant inhibition of the disease. Furthermore, MSDM administration for 2 1 days completely reduced the incidence and severity of EAU. To investigate whether MSDM could modulate cytokine switching from Th 1 to Th2, culture supernatants of MBP-or IRBP-stimulated inguinal lymphocytes were analyzed. MSDM treatment enhanced IL-10 secretion but decreased IFN-gamma. IL-4 was undetectable in all groups. In contrast, the MBP-or IRBP-immunized rat s without MSDM secreted high concentrations of IFN-gamma, but low concentrations of IL-10. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, NO administation suppresses EAE and EAU by modulating the Th 1/Th2 balance during inflammatory immune responses. This work further suggest s that NO may be useful in the therapeutic control of autoimmune disease.

A Case of Open - lip Schizencephaly

Schizencephaly, first described by Yakovlev and Wadsworth in 1946, is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by gray matter-lined clefts that extend through the entire cerebral hemisphere, from the ependymal lining of the lateral ventricle to the subarachnoid space. Clinically, patients with schizencephaly present motor dysfunction such as hemiparesis, seizures, and variable developmental delay. Absence of septum pellucidum, gray matter heterotopia, polymicrogyria, and hypoplasia of optic nerves were also frequently found to be associated with schizencephaly. We experienced a case of open-lip schizencephaly in a one-day-old male infant with wide, tense fontanel, which was confirmed by MRI.